خاک و توسعه پایدار

خاک و توسعه پایدار

مفهوم خدمات اکوسیستمی و اهمیت آن در پایداری محیط زیست

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان ، ایران
چکیده
سرعت سریع توسعه انسانی چالش‌های مهمی را برای پایداری خدمات اکوسیستم ایجاد می‌کند و این موضوع را به کانون اصلی تحقیقات معاصر تبدیل می‌کند. مطالعات اخیر نشان داده‌اند که گسترش فعالیت‌های انسانی خارج از ظرفیت اکوسیستم‌ها به تدریج ساختار و چشم‌اندازها و فرآیند‌های طبیعی را تغییر داده و خدمات اکوسیستمی را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. کاهش خدمات اکوسیستمی خود باعث رقابت جدی برای بهره‌برداری از منابع می‌شود که گاهی نزاع و درگیری در جوامع را به دنبال دارد. برای جلوگیری از تلفات و تخریب مستمر اکوسیستم‌ها و خدمات حیاتی آن‌ها ارزیابی و بررسی تفکیکی خدمات اکوسیستمی توسط گروه‌های ذینفع و انواع ارزش‌ها، مبنای بهبود یافته‌ای برای تحقیق و حکمرانی خدمات اکوسیستم در ارتباط با پایداری محیط‌زیست ایجاد می‌کند. توسعه‌پایدار به‌عنوان توسعه‌ای که نیاز زمان حال را برآورده می‌کند و در عین حال از سیستم پشتیبانی حیات زمین، محافظت می‌کند که رفاه نسل فعلی و آینده را تضمین می‌کند. در این پژوهش از شیوه جمع‌آوری اطلاعات به‌صورت اسنادی و با رویکرد توصیفی - تحلیلی به‌بررسی سیستماتیک ادبیات علمی خدمات اکوسیستمی پرداخته شد. ابعاد خدمات اکوسیستمی شامل: مفهوم خدمات اکوسیستمی، عرضه و تقاضا خدمات اکوسیستمی و ارزش‌گذاری اقتصاد خدمات اکوسیستمی است. بنابراین برای دستیابی به پایداری مستلزم توجه جوامع به طیفی از مسائل بیوفیزیکی، اقتصادی، و حاکمیتی است که نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند به سیاست‌گذاران و برنامه‌ریزان برای شناسایی بهترین گزینه پروژه‌های پیشنهادی کمک ارزنده‌ای کند. پس انسان برای بهره‌برداری صحیح و درخور از اکوسیستم‌ها بایستی به تعامل با ساختارها و کارکردهای اکولوژیکی و ارزش‌گذاری اقتصادی محیط‌زیست توجه کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The concept of ecosystem services and its importance in environmental sustainability

نویسندگان English

mina Behnood 1
Zahra Soltani 2
Sorayya Mohammad Hosseini 2
1 Ph.D. Student in Environmental Science and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 B.Sc. Student in Environmental Science and Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
چکیده English

Due to the fast speed of development of humanity, the issue of sustainability of ecosystem services is very important nowadays and is widely researched. Recent researches show that the extension of activities of people exceeding the carrying capacity of the ecosystem causes changes in its structure, landscape and processes; it leads to changes in the ecosystem services. The degradation of ecosystem services can cause the competition over the exploitation of the resources and sometimes the conflicts between the members of the community. In order to stop the ongoing destruction of ecosystems and their services, the analysis of ecosystem services from the stakeholders' point of view and according to different values can be a better basis for research and governance of the ecosystem services in the context of the environmental sustainability. The definition of sustainable development is development which meets the needs of today but does not threaten the ability of the Earth to support life and well-being of both the current and future generations. In this paper, the systematic review of the scientific literature about ecosystem services was carried out with the help of documentary data collection and descriptive-analytical method. In this study, the aspects of ecosystem services considered were ecosystem services concept, supply and demand of ecosystem services and economic valuation of ecosystem services. Thus, to achieve the sustainability, the community needs to consider several biophysical, economical and governance aspects. The results of this study can be useful for the decision-makers and planners to make right decisions concerning the proposed projects. Thus, in order to use the ecosystems properly, humans need to think about the interaction between themselves and ecological structures and functions, as well as about economic value of the environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Economic valuation
Humans and the environment
Sustainable development
Supply and demand
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  • تاریخ دریافت 16 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 21 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 28 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 دی 1404